The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
διαP66 · P75 | Because of | διὰ | Because of | δια | | | propter | Propterea | Because of | ܡܛܠ | Because of | Διὰ | Because of | |||||
τουτοP66 · P75 | this | τοῦτο | this | τουτο | | | non | non | this | ܗܢܐ | this | τοῦτο | this | |||||
ουκP66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | poterant | poterant | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
εδυναντοP66 · P75 | they were able | ἠδύναντο | they were able | — | | | credere | credere | they were able | ܡܫܟܚܝܢ | they were able | ἠδύναντο | they were able | |||||
πιστευεινP66 · P75 | to believe, | πιστεύειν, | to believe, | πιστευειν | | | hoc | — | — | ܗܘܘ | to believe, | πιστεύειν | to believe, | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | for | ὅτι | for | — | | | — | quia | for | ܕܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ | for | ὅτι | for | |||||
παλινP66 · P75 | again | πάλιν | again | — | | | etenim | iterum | again | ܡܛܠ | again | πάλιν | again | |||||
ειπενP66 · P75 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | said | ܕܬܘܒ | said | εἶπεν | said | |||||
ησαιασP66 · P75 | Isaiah: | Ἠσαΐας· | Isaiah: | ησαϊας | | | eseias | Isaias | Isaiah: | ܐܡܪ | Isaiah: | Ἠσαΐας | Isaiah: | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||