The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οP59 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | turbae | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
ουνP59 · P66 · P75 | Therefore | οὖν | Therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | Therefore | ܘܟܢܫܐ | Therefore | οὖν | Therefore | |||||
οχλοσP59 · P66 · P75 | the crowd | ὄχλος | the crowd | οχλος | | | quae | quæ | the crowd | ܕܩܐܡ | the crowd | ὄχλος | the crowd | |||||
οP59 · P66 · P75 | which | ὁ | which | ο | | | stabant | — | — | — | — | ὁ | which | |||||
εστωσP59 · P66 · P75 | already standing | ἑστὼς | already standing | — | | | quoniam | et | already standing | ܗܘܐ | already standing | ἑστὼς | already standing | |||||
καιP59 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | audientes | audierat | and | ܫܡܥܘ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ακουσασP59 · P66 · P75 | having heard it | ἀκούσας | having heard it | ακουσας | | | dicebant | dicebat | having heard it | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | having heard it | ἀκούσας | having heard it | |||||
ελεγονP59 · P66 · P75 | it was saying it | ἔλεγεν | it was saying it | ελεγεν | | | tonitrum | tonitruum | it was saying it | ܪܥܡܐ | it was saying it | ἔλεγεν | it was saying it | |||||
βροντηνP59 · P66 · P75 | Thunder | βροντὴν | Thunder | βροντη | | | est | esse | Thunder | ܗܘܐ | Thunder | βροντὴν | Thunder | |||||
γεγονεναιP59 · P66 · P75 | to have been. | γεγονέναι. | to have been. | γεγονεν | | | factum | factum | to have been. | ܐܚܪܢܐ | to have been. | γεγονέναι | to have been. | |||||
αλλοιP59 · P66 · P75 | Others | ἄλλοι | Others | αλλοι | | | ali | Alii | Others | ܕܝܢ | Others | ἄλλοι | Others | |||||
ελεγονP59 · P66 · P75 | were saying; | ἔλεγον· | were saying; | ελεγον | | | dicebant | dicebant | were saying; | ܐܡܪܝܢ | were saying; | ἔλεγον | were saying; | |||||
αγγελοσP59 · P66 · P75 | An angel | ἄγγελος | An angel | αγγελος | | | angelus | Angelus | An angel | ܡܠܐܟܐ | An angel | Ἄγγελος | An angel | |||||
αυτωP59 · P66 · P75 | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | — | ei | to Him | ܡܠܠ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | |||||
ελαλησενP59 · P66 · P75 | has spoken. | λελάληκεν.¶ | has spoken. | λελαληκεν | | | locutus | locutus | has spoken. | ܥܡܗ | has spoken. | λελάληκεν | has spoken. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||