The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܬܐ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐλθὼν | having come | ελθων | | | ueniens | veniens | having come | ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗ | having come | ἐλθὼν | having come | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | — | — | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | omnis | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | πατρίδα | region | πατριδα | | | patria | patriam | region | ܘܡܠܦ | region | πατρίδα | region | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of Him | αυτου | | | sua | suam | of Him | ܗܘܐ | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | ||||||
| — | ἐδίδασκεν | He was teaching | εδιδασκεν | | | docebat | docebat | He was teaching | — | — | ἐδίδασκεν | He was teaching | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | eos | eos | them | ܠܗܘܢ | them | αὐτοὺς | them | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܒܟܢܘܫܬܗܘܢ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | συναγωγῇ | synagogue | συναγωγη | | | synagogas | synagogis | synagogue | — | — | συναγωγῇ | synagogue | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | of them | αυτων | | | eorum | eorum | of them | ܐܝܟܢܐ | of them | αὐτῶν | of them | ||||||
| — | ὥστε | so that | ωστε | | | ita | ita | so that | ܕܢܬܗܪܘܢ | so that | ὥστε | so that | ||||||
| — | ἐκπλήσσεσθαι | to be astonished | εκπλησσεσθαι | | | ut | ut | to be astonished | ܘܢܐܡܪܘܢ | to be astonished | ἐκπλήττεσθαι | to be astonished | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | they | αυτους | | | mirarentur | mirarentur | they | — | — | αὐτοὺς | they | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܝܡܟܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | λέγειν· | to say: | λεγειν | | | dicerent | dicerent | to say: | ܠܗ | to say: | λέγειν | to say: | ||||||
| — | πόθεν | From where came | ποθεν | | | unde | Unde | From where came | — | — | Πόθεν | From where came | ||||||
| — | τούτῳ | to this man | τουτω | | | huic | huic | to this man | ܠܗܢܐ | to this man | τούτῳ | to this man | ||||||
| — | ἡ | <the> | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | <the> | ||||||
| — | σοφία | wisdom | σοφεια | | | sapientia | sapientia | wisdom | ܚܟܡܬܐ | wisdom | σοφία | wisdom | ||||||
| — | αὕτη | this | αυτη | | | — | hæc | this | — | — | αὕτη | this | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܗܕܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | αἱ | the | αι | | | haec | — | — | — | — | αἱ | the | ||||||
| — | δυνάμεις; | miraculous powers? | δυναμεις | | | uirtutes | virtutes | miraculous powers? | ܘܚܝܠܐ | miraculous powers? | δυνάμεις | miraculous powers? | ||||||
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