Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	ἐπαχύνθη	Has grown dull	επαχυνθη	\|	ingrassatum	Incrassatum est	has grown dull	ܐܬܥܒܝ	Has grown dull	Ἐπαχύνθη	Has grown dull
		—	γὰρ	for	γαρ	\|	est	enim	for	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	for
		—	ἡ	the	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	the
		—	καρδία	heart	καρδια	\|	enim	cor	heart	—	—	καρδία	heart
		—	τοῦ	of the	του	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	of the
		—	λαοῦ	people	λαου	\|	cor	populi	people	ܓܝܪ	people	λαοῦ	people
		—	τούτου,	this,	τουτου	\|	populi	hujus	this	ܠܒܗ	this,	τούτου	this,
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	huius	et	and	ܕܥܡܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τοῖς	with the	τοις	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	with the
		—	ὠσὶν	ears	ωσιν	\|	et	auribus	with ears	—	—	ὠσὶν	ears
		—	βαρέως	barely	βαρεως	\|	auribus	graviter	with difficulty	ܗܢܐ	barely	βαρέως	barely
		—	ἤκουσαν,	they have heard,	ηκουσαν	\|	grauiter	audierunt	they heard	ܘܒܐܕܢܝܗܘܢ	they have heard,	ἤκουσαν	they have heard,
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	audierunt	et	and	ܝܩܝܪܐܝܬ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τοὺς	the	τους	\|	cluserunt	—	—	—	—	τοὺς	the
		—	ὀφθαλμοὺς	eyes	οφθαλμους	\|	et	oculos	eyes	ܫܡܥܘ	eyes	ὀφθαλμοὺς	eyes
		—	αὐτῶν	of them	αυτων	\|	oculos	suos	their	—	—	αὐτῶν	of them
		—	ἐκάμμυσαν·	they have closed;	εκαμμυσαν	\|	suos	clauserunt	closed	ܘܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ	they have closed;	ἐκάμμυσαν	they have closed;
		—	μήποτε	otherwise	μηποτε	\|	—	nequando	lest	ܥܡܨܘ	otherwise	μήποτε	otherwise
		—	ἴδωσιν	they may see	ϊδωσιν	\|	nequando	videant	they see	ܕܠܐ	they may see	ἴδωσιν	they may see
		—	τοῖς	with the	τοις	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	with the
		—	ὀφθαλμοῖς	eyes	οφθαλμοις	\|	uideant	oculis	with eyes	—	—	ὀφθαλμοῖς	eyes
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	oculis	et	and	ܢܚܙܘܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τοῖς	with the	τοις	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	with the
		—	ὠσὶν	ears	ωσιν	\|	et	auribus	with ears	ܒܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ	ears	ὠσὶν	ears
		—	ἀκούσωσιν	they may hear	ακουσωσιν	\|	auribus	audiant	hear	ܘܢܫܡܥܘܢ	they may hear	ἀκούσωσιν	they may hear
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	audiant	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	τῇ	with the	τη	\|	illos	—	—	—	—	τῇ	with the
		—	καρδίᾳ	heart	καρδια	\|	et	corde	with heart	ܒܐܕܢܝܗܘܢ	heart	καρδίᾳ	heart
		—	συνῶσιν	they may understand	συνωσιν	\|	corde	intelligant	understand	ܘܢܤܬܟܠܘܢ	they may understand	συνῶσιν	they may understand
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	intellegant	et	and	ܒܠܒܗܘܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἐπιστρέψωσιν	may return	επιστρεψωσιν	\|	et	convertantur	be converted	ܘܢܬܦܢܘܢ	may return	ἐπιστρέψωσιν	may return
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	conuertantur	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	ἰάσομαι	I will heal	ϊασομαι	\|	et	sanem	I heal	ܘܐܤܐ	I will heal	ἰάσομαι	I will heal
		—	αὐτούς.¶	them.’	αυτους	\|	sanabo	eos	them	ܐܢܘܢ	them.’	αὐτούς	them.’
	Next Fragment: Matt 13:55
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	ἐπαχύνθη	Has grown dull	επαχυνθη	\|	ingrassatum	Incrassatum est	has grown dull	ܐܬܥܒܝ	Has grown dull	Ἐπαχύνθη	Has grown dull
	—	γὰρ	for	γαρ	\|	est	enim	for	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	for
	—	ἡ	the	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	the
	—	καρδία	heart	καρδια	\|	enim	cor	heart	—	—	καρδία	heart
	—	τοῦ	of the	του	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	of the
	—	λαοῦ	people	λαου	\|	cor	populi	people	ܓܝܪ	people	λαοῦ	people
	—	τούτου,	this,	τουτου	\|	populi	hujus	this	ܠܒܗ	this,	τούτου	this,
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	huius	et	and	ܕܥܡܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τοῖς	with the	τοις	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	with the
	—	ὠσὶν	ears	ωσιν	\|	et	auribus	with ears	—	—	ὠσὶν	ears
	—	βαρέως	barely	βαρεως	\|	auribus	graviter	with difficulty	ܗܢܐ	barely	βαρέως	barely
	—	ἤκουσαν,	they have heard,	ηκουσαν	\|	grauiter	audierunt	they heard	ܘܒܐܕܢܝܗܘܢ	they have heard,	ἤκουσαν	they have heard,
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	audierunt	et	and	ܝܩܝܪܐܝܬ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τοὺς	the	τους	\|	cluserunt	—	—	—	—	τοὺς	the
	—	ὀφθαλμοὺς	eyes	οφθαλμους	\|	et	oculos	eyes	ܫܡܥܘ	eyes	ὀφθαλμοὺς	eyes
	—	αὐτῶν	of them	αυτων	\|	oculos	suos	their	—	—	αὐτῶν	of them
	—	ἐκάμμυσαν·	they have closed;	εκαμμυσαν	\|	suos	clauserunt	closed	ܘܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ	they have closed;	ἐκάμμυσαν	they have closed;
	—	μήποτε	otherwise	μηποτε	\|	—	nequando	lest	ܥܡܨܘ	otherwise	μήποτε	otherwise
	—	ἴδωσιν	they may see	ϊδωσιν	\|	nequando	videant	they see	ܕܠܐ	they may see	ἴδωσιν	they may see
	—	τοῖς	with the	τοις	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	with the
	—	ὀφθαλμοῖς	eyes	οφθαλμοις	\|	uideant	oculis	with eyes	—	—	ὀφθαλμοῖς	eyes
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	oculis	et	and	ܢܚܙܘܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τοῖς	with the	τοις	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	with the
	—	ὠσὶν	ears	ωσιν	\|	et	auribus	with ears	ܒܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ	ears	ὠσὶν	ears
	—	ἀκούσωσιν	they may hear	ακουσωσιν	\|	auribus	audiant	hear	ܘܢܫܡܥܘܢ	they may hear	ἀκούσωσιν	they may hear
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	audiant	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	τῇ	with the	τη	\|	illos	—	—	—	—	τῇ	with the
	—	καρδίᾳ	heart	καρδια	\|	et	corde	with heart	ܒܐܕܢܝܗܘܢ	heart	καρδίᾳ	heart
	—	συνῶσιν	they may understand	συνωσιν	\|	corde	intelligant	understand	ܘܢܤܬܟܠܘܢ	they may understand	συνῶσιν	they may understand
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	intellegant	et	and	ܒܠܒܗܘܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἐπιστρέψωσιν	may return	επιστρεψωσιν	\|	et	convertantur	be converted	ܘܢܬܦܢܘܢ	may return	ἐπιστρέψωσιν	may return
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	conuertantur	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	ἰάσομαι	I will heal	ϊασομαι	\|	et	sanem	I heal	ܘܐܤܐ	I will heal	ἰάσομαι	I will heal
	—	αὐτούς.¶	them.’	αυτους	\|	sanabo	eos	them	ܐܢܘܢ	them.’	αὐτούς	them.’
Next Fragment: Matt 13:55
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

ἐπαχύνθη

Has grown dull

επαχυνθη

ingrassatum

Incrassatum est

has grown dull

ܐܬܥܒܝ

Has grown dull

Ἐπαχύνθη

Has grown dull

—

γὰρ

for

γαρ

est

enim

for

ܓܝܪ

for

γὰρ

for

—

ἡ

the

—

ἡ

the

—

καρδία

heart

καρδια

enim

cor

heart

—

καρδία

heart

—

τοῦ

of the

του

—

τοῦ

of the

—

λαοῦ

people

λαου

cor

populi

people

ܓܝܪ

people

λαοῦ

people

—

τούτου,

this,

τουτου

populi

hujus

this

ܠܒܗ

this,

τούτου

this,

—

καὶ

and

και

huius

and

ܕܥܡܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

τοῖς

with the

τοις

—

τοῖς

with the

—

ὠσὶν

ears

ωσιν

auribus

with ears

—

ὠσὶν

ears

—

βαρέως

barely

βαρεως

auribus

graviter

with difficulty

ܗܢܐ

barely

βαρέως

barely

—

ἤκουσαν,

they have heard,

ηκουσαν

grauiter

audierunt

they heard

ܘܒܐܕܢܝܗܘܢ

they have heard,

ἤκουσαν

they have heard,

—

καὶ

and

και

audierunt

and

ܝܩܝܪܐܝܬ

and

καὶ

and

—

τοὺς

the

τους

cluserunt

—

τοὺς

the

—

ὀφθαλμοὺς

eyes

οφθαλμους

oculos

eyes

ܫܡܥܘ

eyes

ὀφθαλμοὺς

eyes

—

αὐτῶν

of them

αυτων

oculos

suos

their

—

αὐτῶν

of them

—

ἐκάμμυσαν·

they have closed;

εκαμμυσαν

suos

clauserunt

closed

ܘܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ

they have closed;

ἐκάμμυσαν

they have closed;

—

μήποτε

otherwise

μηποτε

—

nequando

lest

ܥܡܨܘ

otherwise

μήποτε

otherwise

—

ἴδωσιν

they may see

ϊδωσιν

nequando

videant

they see

ܕܠܐ

they may see

ἴδωσιν

they may see

—

τοῖς

with the

τοις

—

τοῖς

with the

—

ὀφθαλμοῖς

eyes

οφθαλμοις

uideant

oculis

with eyes

—

ὀφθαλμοῖς

eyes

—

καὶ

and

και

oculis

and

ܢܚܙܘܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

τοῖς

with the

τοις

—

τοῖς

with the

—

ὠσὶν

ears

ωσιν

auribus

with ears

ܒܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ

ears

ὠσὶν

ears

—

ἀκούσωσιν

they may hear

ακουσωσιν

auribus

audiant

hear

ܘܢܫܡܥܘܢ

they may hear

ἀκούσωσιν

they may hear

—

καὶ

and

και

audiant

and

—

καὶ

and

—

τῇ

with the

τη

illos

—

τῇ

with the

—

καρδίᾳ

heart

καρδια

corde

with heart

ܒܐܕܢܝܗܘܢ

heart

καρδίᾳ

heart

—

συνῶσιν

they may understand

συνωσιν

corde

intelligant

understand

ܘܢܤܬܟܠܘܢ

they may understand

συνῶσιν

they may understand

—

καὶ

and

και

intellegant

and

ܒܠܒܗܘܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἐπιστρέψωσιν

may return

επιστρεψωσιν

convertantur

be converted

ܘܢܬܦܢܘܢ

may return

ἐπιστρέψωσιν

may return

—

καὶ

and

και

conuertantur

and

—

καὶ

and

—

ἰάσομαι

I will heal

ϊασομαι

sanem

I heal

ܘܐܤܐ

I will heal

ἰάσομαι

I will heal

—

αὐτούς.¶

them.’

αυτους

sanabo

eos

them

ܐܢܘܢ

them.’

αὐτούς

them.’

Next Fragment: Matt 13:55

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Matthew 13:15

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Matthew 13:15

Translation Lineage