The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | At | And | ܘܐܬܚܫܒܘ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
διελογιζοντοP45 | they were reasoning | διελογίζοντο | they were reasoning | διελογιζοντο | | | illi | illi | they were reasoning | ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ | they were reasoning | ἐλογίζοντο | they were reasoning | |||||
προσP45 | with | πρὸς | with | προς | | | cogitabant | cogitabant | with | — | — | πρὸς | with | |||||
εαυτουσP45 | themselves | ἑαυτοὺς | themselves | εαυτους | | | inter | — | — | ܘܐܡܪܘ | themselves | ἑαυτούς | themselves | |||||
λεγοντεσP45 | saying; | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | semet | secum | saying; | ܕܐܢ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | |||||
εανP45 | What | τί | What | τι | | | dicentes | dicentes | What | — | — | Ἐὰν | What | |||||
ειπωμενP45 | may we say? | εἴπωμεν | may we say? | ειπωμεν | | | si | Si | may we say? | ܢܐܡܪ | may we say? | εἴπωμεν | may we say? | |||||
εξP45 | If | ἐὰν | If | εαν | | | dixerimus | dixerimus | If | ܠܗ | If | Ἐξ | If | |||||
ουρανουP45 | we shall say; | εἴπωμεν· | we shall say; | ειπωμεν | | | ipsos | — | — | — | — | οὐρανοῦ | we shall say; | |||||
ερειP45 | From | ἐξ | From | εξ | | | de | De | From | ܕܡܢ | From | ἐρεῖ | From | |||||
διαP45 | heaven, | οὐρανοῦ, | heaven, | ουρανου | | | quid | cælo | heaven, | ܫܡܝܐ | heaven, | Διὰ | heaven, | |||||
τιP45 | He will say; | ἐρεῖ· | He will say; | — | | | dicemus | dicet | He will say; | ܐܡܪ | He will say; | τί | He will say; | |||||
ουνP45 | Because of | διὰ | Because of | δια | | | quare | Quare | Because of | — | — | οὖν | Because of | |||||
ουκP45 | why | τί | why | τι | | | caelo | ergo | why | ܠܢ | why | οὐκ | why | |||||
επιστευσατεP45 | then | οὖν | then | ουν | | | dicet | — | — | ܘܠܡܢܐ | then | ἐπιστεύσατε | then | |||||
αυτωιP45 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | — | — | αὐτῷ | not | |||||
ἐπιστεύσατεP45 | did you believe | ἐπιστεύσατε | did you believe | επιστευσατε | | | crededistis | credidistis | did you believe | ܠܐ | did you believe | ἐπιστεύσατε | did you believe | |||||
αὐτῷ;P45 | in him? | αὐτῷ; | in him? | αυτω | | | nobis | ei | in him? | ܗܝܡܢܬܘܢܝܗܝ | in him? | αὐτῷ; | in him? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||