The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP141 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | illi | Et | And | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
ειπανP141 · P75 | they said | εἶπαν | they said | — | | | dixerunt | dixerunt | they said | ܗܘܘ | they said | εἶπον | they said | |||||
προςP141 · P75 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | — | — | πρὸς | to | |||||
αλληλουςP141 · P75 | one another; | ἀλλήλους· | one another; | — | | | in | invicem | one another; | ܚܕ | one another; | ἀλλήλους | one another; | |||||
ουχιP141 · P75 | Surely | οὐχὶ | Surely | ουχι | | | nonne | Nonne | Surely | ܠܚܕ | Surely | Οὐχὶ | Surely | |||||
ηP141 · P75 | the | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | |||||
καρδιαP141 · P75 | heart | καρδία | heart | καρδια | | | ad | — | — | ܠܐ | heart | καρδία | heart | |||||
ημωνP141 · P75 | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | — | | | cor | cor | of us | ܗܘܐ | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | |||||
καιομενηP141 · P75 | burning | καιομένη | burning | — | | | nostrum | nostrum | burning | — | — | καιομένη | burning | |||||
ηνP141 · P75 | it was | ἦν | it was | ην | | | semet | ardens | it was | ܠܒܢ | it was | ἦν | it was | |||||
ενP141 · P75 | within | ἐν | within | — | | | erat | erat | within | ܝܩܝܪ | within | ἐν | within | |||||
ημινP141 · P75 | us | ἡμῖν | us | — | | | — | in | us | ܗܘܐ | us | ἡμῖν | us | |||||
ενP141 · P75 | as | ὡς | as | ως | | | nobis | nobis | as | ܒܓܘܢ | as | ὡς | as | |||||
τηP141 · P75 | He was speaking | ἐλάλει | He was speaking | ελαλει | | | ipsos | dum | He was speaking | — | — | ἐλάλει | He was speaking | |||||
οδωP141 · P75 | with us | ἡμῖν | with us | ημειν | | | loquebatur | loqueretur | with us | ܟܕ | with us | ἡμῖν | with us | |||||
ωςP141 · P75 | on | ἐν | on | εν | | | — | in | on | ܡܡܠܠ | on | ἐν | on | |||||
διηνοιγενP141 · P75 | the | τῇ | the | τη | | | coopertum | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | |||||
ημινP141 · P75 | road | ὁδῷ | road | οδω | | | quomodo | — | — | ܥܡܢ | road | ὁδῷ | road | |||||
ταςP141 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | uia | via | and | ܒܐܘܪܚܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
γραφαςP141 · P75 | as | ὡς | as | ως | | | — | et | as | — | — | ὡς | as | |||||
διήνοιγενP141 · P75 | He was opening | διήνοιγεν | He was opening | — | | | aperiebat | aperiret | He was opening | ܘܡܦܫܩ | He was opening | διήνοιγεν | He was opening | |||||
ἡμῖνP141 · P75 | to us | ἡμῖν | to us | ημειν | | | nobis | nobis | to us | ܠܢ | to us | ἡμῖν | to us | |||||
τὰςP141 · P75 | the | τὰς | the | — | | | sicut | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | |||||
γραφάς;¶P141 · P75 | Scriptures? | γραφάς;¶ | Scriptures? | γραφ | | | scripturas | Scripturas | Scriptures? | ܟܬܒܐ | Scriptures? | γραφάς | Scriptures? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||