The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
πωσP66 · P75 | How | πῶς | How | πως | | | quomodo | quomodo | How | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | πῶς | How | |||||
δεP66 · P75 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | |||||
νυνP66 · P75 | presently | νῦν | presently | νυν | | | nunc | nunc | presently | ܗܫܐ | presently | νῦν | presently | |||||
βλεπειP66 · P75 | he sees | βλέπει | he sees | βλεπει | | | uidet | videat | he sees | ܚܙܐ | he sees | βλέπει | he sees | |||||
ουκP66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | ignoramus | — | — | ܐܘ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
οιδαμενP66 · P75 | we know, | οἴδαμεν, | we know, | οιδαμεν | | | nescimus | nescimus | we know, | ܡܢܘ | we know, | οἴδαμεν | we know, | |||||
ηP66 · P75 | or | ἢ | or | η | | | aut | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | |||||
τισP66 · P75 | who | τίς | who | τις | | | quis | quis | who | ܠܗ | who | τίς | who | |||||
ηνοιξενP66 · P75 | opened | ἤνοιξεν | opened | — | | | ei | ejus | opened | ܥܝܢܘܗܝ | opened | ἤνοιξεν | opened | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | aperuit | aperuit | of him | ܠܐ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | |||||
τουσP66 · P75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
οφθαλμουσP66 · P75 | eyes | ὀφθαλμοὺς | eyes | οφθαλμους | | | oculos | oculos | eyes | ܝܕܥܝܢܢ | eyes | ὀφθαλμούς | eyes | |||||
ημεισP66 · P75 | we ourselves | ἡμεῖς | we ourselves | ημεις | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡμεῖς | we ourselves | |||||
ουκP66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | nos | nos | not | ܐܦ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
οιδαμενP66 · P75 | know; | οἴδαμεν· | know; | οιδαμεν | | | — | nescimus | know; | ܗܘ | know; | οἴδαμεν | know; | |||||
αυτονP66 · P75 | him | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | ipsum | ipsum | him | ܥܠ | him | αὐτὸς | him | |||||
ερωτησατεP66 · P75 | do ask, | ἐρωτήσατε, | do ask, | — | | | interrogate | interrogate | do ask, | ܠܗ | do ask, | ἡλικίαν | do ask, | |||||
ηλικιανP66 · P75 | he himself | αὐτὸς | he himself | — | | | — | ætatem | he himself | ܠܫܢܘܗܝ | he himself | ἔχει | he himself | |||||
εχειP66 · P75 | of age | ἡλικίαν | of age | ηλικιαν | | | habet | habet | of age | ܠܗ | of age | αὐτὸν | of age | |||||
αυτοσP66 · P75 | is; | ἔχει· | is; | εχει | | | aetatem | — | — | ܫܐܠܘ | is; | ἐρωτήσατε | is; | |||||
περιP66 · P75 | He himself | αὐτὸς | He himself | αυτος | | | ipse | ipse | He himself | ܗܘ | He himself | αὐτὸς | He himself | |||||
εαυτουP66 · P75 | Concerning | περὶ | Concerning | περι | | | de | de | Concerning | ܚܠܦ | Concerning | περὶ | Concerning | |||||
λαλησειP66 · P75 | himself | ἑαυτοῦ | himself | — | | | semetipso | se | himself | ܢܦܫܗ | himself | ἑαυτοῦ | himself | |||||
λαλήσει.¶P66 · P75 | he will speak. | λαλήσει.¶ | he will speak. | λαλησει | | | loquetur | loquatur | he will speak. | ܢܡܠܠ | he will speak. | λαλήσει | he will speak. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||