The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP66 · P75 | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Litigabant | Said | ܘܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | autem | — | — | ܠܗܘܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
αυτοισP66 · P75 | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | — | ergo | to them | ܝܫܘܥ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | |||||
ισP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | illis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
αμηνP66 · P75 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | ihs | Judæi | Jesus; | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | |||||
αμηνP66 · P75 | Amen | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | — | — | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | Ἀμὴν | Amen | |||||
λεγωP66 · P75 | Amen | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | — | ad | Amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | ἀμὴν | Amen | |||||
υμινP66 · P75 | I say | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | in | invicem | I say | ܐܡܪ | I say | λέγω | I say | |||||
εανP66 · P75 | to you; | ὑμῖν· | to you; | ϋμειν | | | amen | — | — | ܐܢܐ | to you; | ὑμῖν | to you; | |||||
μηP66 · P75 | only | ἐὰν | only | εαν | | | dico | dicentes | only | — | — | ἐὰν | only | |||||
φαγηταιP66 · P75 | unless | μὴ | unless | μη | | | uobis | Quomodo | unless | ܠܟܘܢ | unless | μὴ | unless | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | you shall have eaten | φάγητε | you shall have eaten | — | | | nisi | — | — | ܕܐܠܐ | you shall have eaten | φάγητε | you shall have eaten | |||||
σαρκανP66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | flesh | σάρκα | flesh | σαρκα | | | acceperitis | potest | flesh | ܬܐܟܠܘܢ | flesh | σάρκα | flesh | |||||
υιουP66 · P75 | of the | τοῦ | of the | του | | | fili | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | Son | υἱοῦ | Son | ϋιου | | | hominis | — | — | ܦܓܪܗ | Son | υἱοῦ | Son | |||||
ανουP66 · P75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ανθρωπου | | | et | hic | of Man | ܕܒܪܗ | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | |||||
τοP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | sanguem | nobis | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
αιμαP66 · P75 | shall have drunk | πίητε | shall have drunk | — | | | eius | — | — | ܕܐܢܫܐ | shall have drunk | πίητε | shall have drunk | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | — | | | carnem | carnem | of Him | ܘܬܫܬܘܢ | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | |||||
πιητεP66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
ουκP66 · P75 | blood, | αἷμα, | blood, | αιμα | | | uiueritis | suam | blood, | ܕܡܗ | blood, | αἷμα | blood, | |||||
εχεταιP66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | — | — | ܠܝܬ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
ζωηνP66 · P75 | you have | ἔχετε | you have | — | | | habebitis | dare | you have | — | — | ἔχετε | you have | |||||
ενP66 · P75 | life | ζωὴν | life | — | | | — | ad | life | ܠܟܘܢ | life | ζωὴν | life | |||||
εαυτοισP66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | uobis | — | — | ܚܝܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
ἑαυτοῖς.P66 · P75 | yourselves. | ἑαυτοῖς. | yourselves. | εαυτοις | | | uitam | manducandum | yourselves. | ܒܩܢܘܡܟܘܢ | yourselves. | ἑαυτοῖς | yourselves. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||