The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
πωσP66 · P75 | How | Πῶς | How | πως | | | quomodo | Quomodo | How | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | Πῶς | How | |||||
δυνασθαιP66 · P75 | are able | δύνασθε | are able | — | | | uos | vos | are able | ܡܫܟܚܝܢ | are able | δύνασθε | are able | |||||
υμεισP66 · P75 | you yourselves | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | ϋμεις | | | potestis | potestis | you yourselves | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you yourselves | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | |||||
πιστευσαιP66 · P75 | to believe | πιστεῦσαι | to believe | πιστευσαι | | | credere | credere | to believe | ܠܡܗܝܡܢܘ | to believe | πιστεῦσαι | to believe | |||||
δοξανP66 · P75 | glory | δόξαν | glory | δοξαν | | | unico | qui | glory | ܕܫܘܒܚܐ | glory | δόξαν | glory | |||||
παραP66 · P75 | from | παρὰ | from | παρα | | | gloriam | gloriam | from | ܚܕ | from | παρὰ | from | |||||
αλληλωνP66 · P75 | one another | ἀλλήλων | one another | αλληλων | | | ab | ab | one another | ܡܢ | one another | ἀλλήλων | one another | |||||
λαμβανοντεσP66 · P75 | receiving | λαμβάνοντες | receiving | λαμβανοντες | | | inuicem | invicem | receiving | ܚܕ | receiving | λαμβάνοντες | receiving | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | accipientes | accipitis | and | ܡܩܒܠܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τηP66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | et | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
δοξανP66 · P75 | glory | δόξαν | glory | δοξαν | | | gloriam | gloriam | glory | ܐܢܬܘܢ | glory | δόξαν | glory | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | that is | τὴν | that is | την | | | queritis | — | — | — | — | τὴν | that is | |||||
παραP66 · P75 | from | παρὰ | from | παρα | | | ab | a | from | ܘܫܘܒܚܐ | from | παρὰ | from | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
μονουP66 · P75 | only | μόνου | only | μονου | | | deo | Deo | only | ܕܡܢ | only | μόνου | only | |||||
ουP66 · P75 | God | θεοῦ | God | θυ | | | — | est | God | ܚܕ | God | θεοῦ | God | |||||
ζητειταιP66 · P75 | not | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܐܠܗܐ | not | οὐ | not | |||||
ζητεῖτε;¶P66 · P75 | you seek? | ζητεῖτε;¶ | you seek? | ζητιτε | | | — | quæritis | you seek? | ܠܐ | you seek? | ζητεῖτε | you seek? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||