The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αμηνP45 · P66 · P75 | Amen | Ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | Amen | Amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | Ἀμὴν | Amen | |||||
αμηνP45 · P66 · P75 | Amen | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | amen | Amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | ἀμὴν | Amen | |||||
λεγωP45 · P66 · P75 | I say | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | dico | dico | I say | ܐܡܪ | I say | λέγω | I say | |||||
υμινP45 · P66 · P75 | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | to you | ܐܢܐ | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | |||||
οτιP45 · P66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | qui | quia | that | ܠܟܘܢ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
ερχεταιP45 · P66 · P75 | is coming | ἔρχεται | is coming | ερχεται | | | uenit | venit | is coming | ܕܐܬܝܐ | is coming | ἔρχεται | is coming | |||||
ωραP45 · P66 · P75 | an hour | ὥρα | an hour | ωρα | | | hora | hora | an hour | ܫܥܬܐ | an hour | ὥρα | an hour | |||||
καιP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܦ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
νῦνP45 · P66 · P75 | now | νῦν | now | νυν | | | nunc | nunc | now | ܗܫܐ | now | νῦν | now | |||||
ἐστινP45 · P66 · P75 | is | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܐܝܬܝܗ | is | ἐστιν | is | |||||
ὅτεP45 · P66 · P75 | when | ὅτε | when | οτε | | | quoniam | quando | when | ܐܡܬܝ | when | ὅτε | when | |||||
οἱP45 · P66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | uiuent | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
νεκροὶP45 · P66 · P75 | dead | νεκροὶ | dead | νεκροι | | | mortui | mortui | dead | ܕܡܝܬܐ | dead | νεκροὶ | dead | |||||
ἀκούσουσινP45 · P66 · P75 | will hear | ἀκούσουσιν | will hear | — | | | audient | audient | will hear | ܢܫܡܥܘܢ | will hear | ἀκούσονται | will hear | |||||
τῆςP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
φωνῆςP45 · P66 · P75 | voice | φωνῆς | voice | φωνης | | | uocem | vocem | voice | ܩܠܗ | voice | φωνῆς | voice | |||||
τοῦP45 · P66 · P75 | of the | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
υἱοῦP45 · P66 · P75 | Son | υἱοῦ | Son | ϋιου | | | fili | Filii | Son | ܕܒܪܗ | Son | υἱοῦ | Son | |||||
τοῦP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
θεοῦP45 · P66 · P75 | of God | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | dei | Dei | of God | ܕܐܠܗܐ | of God | θεοῦ | of God | |||||
καὶP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܗܢܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
οἱP45 · P66 · P75 | those | οἱ | those | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | |||||
ἀκούσαντεςP45 · P66 · P75 | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | ακουσαντες | | | cum | qui | having heard | ܕܫܡܥܝܢ | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | |||||
ζήσουσιν.¶P45 · P66 · P75 | will live. | ζήσουσιν.¶ | will live. | ζησουσιν | | | audierint | audierint | will live. | ܢܚܘܢ | will live. | ζήσονται | will live. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||