The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οπουP121 · P60 · P66 | where | ὅπου | where | οπου | | | ubi | ubi | where | ܐܬܪ | where | ὅπου | where | |||||
αυτονP121 · P60 · P66 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | crucifixerunt | crucifixerunt | Him | ܕܙܩܦܘܗܝ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | |||||
εσρανP121 · P60 · P66 | they crucified | ἐσταύρωσαν | they crucified | εσταυρωσαν | | | eum | eum | they crucified | — | — | ἐσταύρωσαν | they crucified | |||||
καιP121 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܥܡܗ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
μετP121 · P60 · P66 | with | μετ᾽ | with | μετ | | | cum | cum | with | ܬܪܝܢ | with | μετ’ | with | |||||
αυτουP121 · P60 · P66 | Him | αὐτοῦ | Him | αυτου | | | eo | eo | Him | ܐܚܪܢܝܢ | Him | αὐτοῦ | Him | |||||
αλλουσP121 · P60 · P66 | others | ἄλλους | others | — | | | alios | alios | others | — | — | ἄλλους | others | |||||
δυοP121 · P60 · P66 | two | δύο | two | δυο | | | duos | duos | two | ܚܕ | two | δύο | two | |||||
αP121 · P60 · P66 | on this side | ἐντεῦθεν | on this side | — | | | hinc | hinc | on this side | ܡܟܐ | on this side | ἐντεῦθεν | on this side | |||||
εντευθενP121 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܚܕ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ἐντεῦθεν,P121 · P60 · P66 | on that side, | ἐντεῦθεν, | on that side, | εντευθεν | | | hinc | hinc | on that side, | ܡܟܐ | on that side, | ἐντεῦθεν | on that side, | |||||
μέσονP121 · P60 · P66 | in between | μέσον | in between | μεσον | | | medium | medium | in between | — | — | μέσον | in between | |||||
δὲP121 · P60 · P66 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
τὸνP121 · P60 · P66 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
Ἰησοῦν.¶P121 · P60 · P66 | Jesus. | Ἰησοῦν.¶ | Jesus. | — | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus. | ܒܡܨܥܬܐ | Jesus. | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||