The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τοP66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | sps | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
πναP66 · P75 | Spirit | πνεῦμα | Spirit | πνα | | | — | Spiritum | Spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | Spirit | πνεῦμα | Spirit | |||||
τησP66 · P75 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | της | | | adnoscit | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | |||||
αληθιασP66 · P75 | of truth, | ἀληθείας, | of truth, | αληθειας | | | ueritatis | veritatis | of truth, | ܕܫܪܪܐ | of truth, | ἀληθείας | of truth, | |||||
οP66 · P75 | whom | ὃ | whom | ο | | | quem | — | — | — | — | ὃ | whom | |||||
οP66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
κοσμοσP66 · P75 | world | κόσμος | world | κοσμος | | | mundus | mundus | world | ܗܘ | world | κόσμος | world | |||||
ουP66 · P75 | not | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܕܥܠܡܐ | not | οὐ | not | |||||
δυναταιP66 · P75 | is able | δύναται | is able | δυναται | | | potest | potest | is able | ܠܐ | is able | δύναται | is able | |||||
λαβεινP66 · P75 | to receive, | λαβεῖν, | to receive, | λαβειν | | | accipere | accipere | to receive, | ܡܫܟܚ | to receive, | λαβεῖν | to receive, | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | quia | quia | because | — | — | ὅτι | because | |||||
ουP66 · P75 | not | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܠܡܩܒܠܘܬܗ | not | οὐ | not | |||||
θεωρειP66 · P75 | it does see | θεωρεῖ | it does see | θεωρει | | | uidet | videt | it does see | ܡܛܠ | it does see | θεωρεῖ | it does see | |||||
αυτοP66 · P75 | Him | αὐτὸ | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܕܠܐ | Him | αὐτό | Him | |||||
ουδεP66 · P75 | nor | οὐδὲ | nor | ουδε | | | nec | nec | nor | ܚܙܝܗܝ | nor | οὐδὲ | nor | |||||
γεινωσκειP66 · P75 | know | γινώσκει | know | γεινωσκει | | | scitis | scit | know | — | — | γινώσκει | know | |||||
αυτοP66 · P75 | him; | αὐτό· | him; | αυτον | | | eum | eum | him; | ܘܠܐ | him; | αὐτό | him; | |||||
υμεισP66 · P75 | But you yourselves | ὑμεῖς | But you yourselves | ϋμεις | | | uos | vos | But you yourselves | ܝܕܥܗ | But you yourselves | Ὑμεῖς | But you yourselves | |||||
γεινωσκεταιP66 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
αυτοP66 · P75 | know | γινώσκετε | know | γεινωσκετε | | | quoniam | cognoscetis | know | ܕܝܢ | know | γινώσκετε | know | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | Him, | αὐτό, | Him, | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him, | — | — | αὐτό | Him, | |||||
παρP66 · P75 | for | ὅτι | for | οτι | | | — | quia | for | ܝܕܥܝܢ | for | ὅτι | for | |||||
υμεινP66 · P75 | with | παρ᾽ | with | παρ | | | apud | apud | with | ܐܢܬܘܢ | with | παρ’ | with | |||||
μενειP66 · P75 | you | ὑμῖν | you | ϋμειν | | | uos | vos | you | ܠܗ | you | ὑμῖν | you | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | He abides | μένει | He abides | μενει | | | manet | manebit | He abides | ܕܠܘܬܟܘܢ | He abides | μένει | He abides | |||||
ενP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
υμινP66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܥܡܪ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
εσταιP66 · P75 | you | ὑμῖν | you | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | you | ܘܒܟܘܢ | you | ὑμῖν | you | |||||
ἔσται.P66 · P75 | He will be. | ἔσται. | He will be. | — | | | est | erit | He will be. | ܗܘ | He will be. | ἔσται | He will be. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||