The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αποκρινεταιP66 | Answers | ἀποκρίνεται | Answers | αποκρεινεται | | | respondit | Respondit | Answers | ܥܢܐ | Answers | Ἀποκρίνεται | Answers | |||||
ισP66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | — | | | ihs | Jesus | therefore | ܝܫܘܥ | therefore | ὁ | therefore | |||||
εκεινοσP66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | dixit | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
εστινP66 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | — | — | — | ܘܐܡܪ | Jesus; | Ἐκεῖνός | Jesus; | |||||
ωP66 | He | ἐκεῖνός | He | — | | | illi | Ille | He | — | — | ἐστιν | He | |||||
εγωP66 | it is | ἐστιν | it is | — | | | est | est | it is | ܗܘ | it is | ᾧ | it is | |||||
βαψασP66 | to whom | ᾧ | to whom | — | | | cui | cui | to whom | ܗܘ | to whom | ἐγὼ | to whom | |||||
τοP66 | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | — | | | ille | — | — | ܕܨܒܥ | I myself | βάψας | I myself | |||||
ψωμιονP66 | will dip | βάψω | will dip | — | | | ego | ego | will dip | ܐܢܐ | will dip | τὸ | will dip | |||||
επιδωσωP66 | the | τὸ | the | — | | | buccellam | — | — | — | — | ψωμίον | the | |||||
καιP66 | morsel | ψωμίον | morsel | — | | | intincta | intinctum | morsel | ܠܚܡܐ | morsel | ἐπιδώσω | morsel | |||||
εμβαψασP66 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | — | panem | and | ܝܗܒ | and | Καὶ | and | |||||
τοP66 | will give | δώσω | will give | — | | | et | — | — | — | — | ἐμβάψας | will give | |||||
ψωμιονP66 | to him. | αὐτῷ. | to him. | αυτω | | | porrexero | porrexero | to him. | ܐܢܐ | to him. | τὸ | to him. | |||||
διδωσινP66 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܠܗ | And | ψωμίον | And | |||||
ιουδαP66 | having dipped | βάψας | having dipped | — | | | — | cum | having dipped | ܘܨܒܥ | having dipped | δίδωσιν | having dipped | |||||
σιμωνοσP66 | then | οὖν | then | — | | | intingens | intinxisset | then | ܝܫܘܥ | then | Ἰούδᾳ | then | |||||
ισκαριωτηP66 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | buccellam | — | — | — | — | Σίμωνος | the | |||||
ψωμίονP66 | morsel | ψωμίον | morsel | ψωμιον | | | — | — | — | ܠܚܡܐ | morsel | Ἰσκαριώτῃ | morsel | |||||
λαμβάνειP66 | He takes it | λαμβάνει | He takes it | — | | | porrexit | panem | He takes it | ܘܝܗܒ | He takes it | λαμβάνει | He takes it | |||||
καὶP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | a | dedit | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
δίδωσινP66 | gives it | δίδωσιν | gives it | διδωσιν | | | iudae | Judæ | gives it | ܠܝܗܘܕܐ | gives it | δίδωσιν | gives it | |||||
ἸούδᾳP66 | to Judas | Ἰούδᾳ | to Judas | ϊουδα | | | — | — | — | ܒܪ | to Judas | Ἰούδᾳ | to Judas | |||||
ΣίμωνοςP66 | son of Simon | Σίμωνος | son of Simon | σιμωνος | | | simonis | Simonis | son of Simon | ܫܡܥܘܢ | son of Simon | Σίμωνος | son of Simon | |||||
Ἰσκαριώτου.P66 | Iscariot. | Ἰσκαριώτου. | Iscariot. | — | | | caryoto | Iscariotæ | Iscariot. | ܤܟܪܝܘܛܐ | Iscariot. | Ἰσκαριώτου. | Iscariot. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||