The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ελαβανP2 · P66 · P75 | took | ἔλαβον | took | ελαβον | | | acceperunt | acceperunt | took | ܫܩܠܘ | took | ἔλαβον | took | |||||
ταP2 · P66 · P75 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | exierunt | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
βαιαP2 · P66 · P75 | branches | βαΐα | branches | βαϊα | | | ramos | ramos | branches | ܤܘܟܐ | branches | βαΐα | branches | |||||
τωνP2 · P66 · P75 | of the | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | |||||
φοινικωνP2 · P66 · P75 | palm trees | φοινίκων | palm trees | φοινεικων | | | palmarum | palmarum | palm trees | ܕܕܩܠܐ | palm trees | φοινίκων | palm trees | |||||
καιP2 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
εξηλθονP2 · P66 · P75 | went out | ἐξῆλθον | went out | εξηλθον | | | dicentes | processerunt | went out | ܘܢܦܩܘ | went out | ἐξῆλθον | went out | |||||
εισP2 · P66 · P75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | obuiam | obviam | to | ܠܐܘܪܥܗ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
υπαντησινP2 · P66 · P75 | meet | ὑπάντησιν | meet | — | | | eius | ei | meet | ܘܩܥܝܢ | meet | ὑπάντησιν | meet | |||||
αυτωP2 · P66 · P75 | Him | αὐτῷ | Him | — | | | et | et | Him | ܗܘܘ | Him | αὐτῷ | Him | |||||
καιP2 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | clamabant | clamabant | and | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
εκραυγασανP2 · P66 · P75 | were shouting: | ἐκραύγαζον· | were shouting: | εκραυγαζον | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἔκραζον | were shouting: | |||||
λεγοντεσP2 · P66 · P75 | Hosanna! | ὡσαννά, | Hosanna! | — | | | ossana | Hosanna | Hosanna! | ܐܘܫܥܢܐ | Hosanna! | Ὡσαννά | Hosanna! | |||||
ωσανναP2 · P66 · P75 | Blessed is | εὐλογημένος | Blessed is | — | | | benedictus | benedictus | Blessed is | ܒܪܝܟ | Blessed is | εὐλογημένος | Blessed is | |||||
ευλογημενοσP2 · P66 · P75 | the One | ὁ | the One | ο | | | in | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the One | |||||
οP2 · P66 · P75 | coming | ἐρχόμενος | coming | ερχομενος | | | qui | qui | coming | ܗܘ | coming | ἐρχόμενος | coming | |||||
ερχομενοσP2 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | uenit | venit | in | ܕܐܬܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
ενP2 · P66 · P75 | the name | ὀνόματι | the name | ονοματι | | | in | in | the name | ܒܫܡܗ | the name | ὀνόματι | the name | |||||
ονοματιP2 · P66 · P75 | of the Lord! | κυρίου | of the Lord! | κυ | | | nomine | nomine | of the Lord! | — | — | κυρίου | of the Lord! | |||||
κυP2 · P66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | — | Domini | And | ܕܡܪܝܐ | And | βασιλεὺς | And | |||||
οP2 · P66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | dmi | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
βασιλευσP2 · P66 · P75 | King | βασιλεὺς | King | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | King | ܡܠܟܐ | King | Ἰσραήλ | King | |||||
τουP2 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
ισραηλP2 · P66 · P75 | of Israel! | Ἰσραήλ.¶ | of Israel! | — | | | istrahel | Israël | of Israel! | ܕܐܝܤܪܝܠ | of Israel! | Ἰσραήλ.¶ | of Israel! | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||