The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
συνηγαγονP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | Gathered | Συνήγαγον | Gathered | συνηγαγον | | | scribae | Collegerunt | Gathered | ܘܐܬܟܢܫܘ | Gathered | Συνήγαγον | Gathered | |||||
ουνP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܪܒܝ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
αρχιερεισP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | αρχιερεις | | | farisaei | pontifices | chief priests | — | — | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | |||||
καιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܟܗܢܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
οιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
φαρεισαιοιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | — | pharisæi | Pharisees | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | |||||
συνεδριονP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | a council | συνέδριον | a council | συνεδριον | | | congregauerunt | concilium | a council | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | a council | συνέδριον | a council | |||||
καιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܗܘܘ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ελεγονP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | they were saying; | ἔλεγον· | they were saying; | ελεγον | | | dicebant | dicebant | they were saying; | — | — | ἔλεγον | they were saying; | |||||
τιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | What | τί | What | τι | | | quid | Quid | What | ܡܢܐ | What | Τί | What | |||||
ποιουμενP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | are we to do? | ποιοῦμεν, | are we to do? | ποιουμεν | | | facimus | facimus | are we to do? | ܢܥܒܕ | are we to do? | ποιοῦμεν | are we to do? | |||||
ουτοσP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | For | ὅτι | For | — | | | concilium | quia | For | ܕܗܢܐ | For | Ὅτι | For | |||||
οP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | this | οὗτος | this | ουτος | | | hic | hic | this | ܓܒܪܐ | this | οὗτος | this | |||||
ανθρωποσP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
πολλαP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | man | ἄνθρωπος | man | ανθρωπος | | | homo | homo | man | — | — | ἄνθρωπος | man | |||||
ποιειP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | many | πολλὰ | many | — | | | talia | multa | many | ܐܬܘܬܐ | many | πολλὰ | many | |||||
σημειαP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | does | ποιεῖ | does | — | | | signa | signa | does | ܤܓܝܐܬܐ | does | σημεῖα | does | |||||
σημεῖα;P45 · P59 · P6 · P66 | signs! | σημεῖα; | signs! | σημεια | | | facit | facit | signs! | ܥܒܕ | signs! | ποιεῖ | signs! | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||