The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
πολλοιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Many | Πολλοὶ | Many | πολλοι | | | multi | Multi | Many | ܘܤܓܝܐܐ | Many | Πολλοὶ | Many | |||||
εκP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܡܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
τωνP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | — | | | — | ex | of | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | of | ἐκ | of | |||||
ιουδαιωνP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | crediderunt | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
οιP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Jews | Ἰουδαίων | Jews | ϊουδαιων | | | iudaeorum | Judæis | Jews | — | — | Ἰουδαίων | Jews | |||||
ελθοντεσP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | <the> | οἱ | <the> | — | | | in | — | — | — | — | οἱ | <the> | |||||
προσP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | having come | ἐλθόντες | having come | — | | | qui | qui | having come | ܕܐܬܘ | having come | ἐλθόντες | having come | |||||
τηνP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | uenerant | venerant | to | ܠܘܬ | to | πρὸς | to | |||||
μαριανP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | eum | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | |||||
εωρακοτεσP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Mary | Μαριὰμ | Mary | μαριαμ | | | ad | ad | Mary | ܡܪܝܡ | Mary | Μαρίαν | Mary | |||||
αP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | mariam | Mariam | and | ܟܕ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
εποιησενP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | having seen | θεασάμενοι | having seen | — | | | — | et | having seen | ܚܙܘ | having seen | θεασάμενοι | having seen | |||||
επιστευσανP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | what things | ἃ | what things | — | | | — | Martham | what things | ܡܕܡ | what things | ἃ | what things | |||||
εισP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | He did | ἐποίησεν | He did | — | | | — | et | He did | — | — | ἐποίησεν | He did | |||||
αυτονP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
Ἰησοῦς,P45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς, | Jesus | — | | | uidentes | viderant | Jesus | ܕܥܒܕ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ἐπίστευσανP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | believed | ἐπίστευσαν | believed | επιστευσαν | | | quod | quæ | believed | ܝܫܘܥ | believed | ἐπίστευσαν | believed | |||||
εἰςP45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | fecit | fecit | in | ܗܝܡܢܘ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
αὐτόν.P45 · P59 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Him. | αὐτόν. | Him. | αυτον | | | ihs | Jesus | Him. | ܒܗ | Him. | αὐτόν | Him. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||