The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Hæc | And | ܘܟܕ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
ταυταP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | these things | ταῦτα | these things | ταυτα | | | cum | cum | these things | ܐܡܪ | these things | ταῦτα | these things | |||||
ειπωνP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | having said | εἰπὼν | having said | ειπων | | | dixisset | dixisset | having said | ܗܠܝܢ | having said | εἰπών | having said | |||||
φωνηιP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | in a voice | φωνῇ | in a voice | φωνη | | | uoce | voce | in a voice | ܩܥܐ | in a voice | φωνῇ | in a voice | |||||
μεγαληιP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | loud | μεγάλῃ | loud | μεγαλη | | | magna | magna | loud | ܒܩܠܐ | loud | μεγάλῃ | loud | |||||
εκραυγασενP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | He cried out; | ἐκραύγασεν· | He cried out; | εκραυγασεν | | | clamauit | clamavit | He cried out; | ܪܡܐ | He cried out; | ἐκραύγασεν | He cried out; | |||||
λαζαρεP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | Lazarus, | Λάζαρε, | Lazarus, | λαζαρε | | | lazare | Lazare | Lazarus, | ܠܥܙܪ | Lazarus, | Λάζαρε | Lazarus, | |||||
δευροP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | come | δεῦρο | come | δευρο | | | ueni | veni | come | ܬܐ | come | δεῦρο | come | |||||
εξωP45 · P59 · P66 · P75 | forth. | ἔξω. | forth. | εξω | | | foras | foras | forth. | ܠܒܪ | forth. | ἔξω | forth. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||