The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ελεγονP45 · P66 · P75 | Were saying | ἔλεγον | Were saying | ελεγον | | | dicebant | Dixerunt | Were saying | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | Were saying | Ἔλεγον | Were saying | |||||
ουνP45 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܗܘܘ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οιP45 · P66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
ιουδαιοιP45 · P66 · P75 | Jews; | Ἰουδαῖοι· | Jews; | ϊουδαιοι | | | iudaei | Judæi | Jews; | ܚܙܘ | Jews; | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews; | |||||
ιδεP45 · P66 · P75 | Behold | ἴδε | Behold | ειδε | | | ecce | Ecce | Behold | ܟܡܐ | Behold | Ἴδε | Behold | |||||
πωσP45 · P66 · P75 | how | πῶς | how | — | | | quomodo | quomodo | how | ܪܚܡ | how | πῶς | how | |||||
εφιλειP45 · P66 · P75 | He was loving | ἐφίλει | He was loving | εφειλει | | | amabat | amabat | He was loving | ܗܘܐ | He was loving | ἐφίλει | He was loving | |||||
αυτονP45 · P66 · P75 | him! | αὐτόν. | him! | αυτον | | | eum | eum | him! | ܠܗ | him! | αὐτόν | him! | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||