The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ουπωP45 · P66 · P75 | Not yet | οὔπω | Not yet | — | | | nondum | nondum | ? | ܗܘ | Not yet | Οὔπω | Not yet | |||||
δεP45 · P66 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | enim | enim | ? | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
εληλυθειP45 · P66 · P75 | had come | ἐληλύθει | had come | εληλυθει | | | uenerat | venerat | ? | ܝܫܘܥ | had come | ἐληλύθει | had come | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | martha | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 · P66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܠܐ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
εισP45 · P66 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | in | ܥܕܟܝܠ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
τηνP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | obuiauit | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
κωμηνP45 · P66 · P75 | village, | κώμην, | village, | κωμην | | | castellum | sed | but | ܐܬܐ | village, | κώμην | village, | |||||
αλλP45 · P66 · P75 | but | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | sed | erat | was | ܗܘܐ | but | ἀλλ’ | but | |||||
ηνP45 · P66 · P75 | was | ἦν | was | ην | | | erat | adhuc | ? | ܠܩܪܝܬܐ | was | ἦν | was | |||||
επιP45 · P66 · P75 | still | ἔτι | still | — | | | — | in | in | ܐܠܐ | still | ἐν | still | |||||
τωιP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | illo | ? | ܒܗ | in | τῷ | in | |||||
τοπωιP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τόπῳ | the | |||||
οπουP45 · P66 · P75 | place | τόπῳ | place | τοπω | | | — | loco | ? | ܗܘܐ | place | ὅπου | place | |||||
υπηντησενP45 · P66 · P75 | where | ὅπου | where | οπου | | | locum | ubi | ? | ܒܗܝ | where | ὑπήντησεν | where | |||||
αυτωιP45 · P66 · P75 | met | ὑπήντησεν | met | ϋπηντησεν | | | ubi | occurrerat | ? | ܕܘܟܬܐ | met | αὐτῷ | met | |||||
μαρθαP45 · P66 · P75 | with Him | αὐτῷ | with Him | αυτω | | | — | ei | to him | ܕܐܪܥܬܗ | with Him | ἡ | with Him | |||||
ἡP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ἡ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Μάρθα | <the> | |||||
Μάρθα.¶P45 · P66 · P75 | Martha. | Μάρθα.¶ | Martha. | μαρθα | | | ipsi | Martha | ? | ܡܪܬܐ | Martha. | Μάρθα.¶ | Martha. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||