The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἀκούσας | Having heard | ακουσας | | | audiens | Audiens | Having heard | ܫܡܥ | Having heard | Ἀκούσας | Having heard | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | herodes | — | — | — | — | Ἡρῴδης | <the> | ||||||
| — | βασιλεὺς | King | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | King | — | — | ὁ | King | ||||||
| — | Ἡρῴδης | Herod | ηρωδης | | | turbatus | turbatus | Herod | ܗܪܘܕܤ | Herod | βασιλεὺς | Herod | ||||||
| — | ἐταράχθη | he was troubled | εταραχθη | | | est | est | he was troubled | ܡܠܟܐ | he was troubled | ἐταράχθη | he was troubled | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | πᾶσα | all | — | | | ipso | omnis | all | ܘܟܠܗ | all | πᾶσα | all | ||||||
| — | Ἱεροσόλυμα | Jerusalem | ϊεροσολυμα | | | hierosolyma | Jerosolyma | Jerusalem | — | — | Ἱεροσόλυμα | Jerusalem | ||||||
| — | μετ᾽ | with | μετ | | | cum | cum | with | ܐܘܪܫܠܡ | with | μετ’ | with | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ, | him, | αυτου | | | — | illo | him, | ܥܡܗ | him, | αὐτοῦ | him, | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 2:13 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||