The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
υπολαβωνP45 · P75 | Having taken it up | ὑπολαβὼν | Having taken it up | ϋπολαβων | | | suscipiens | Suscipiens | Having taken it up | ܐܡܪ | Having taken it up | Ὑπολαβὼν | Having taken it up | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
οP45 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ei | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ειπενP45 · P75 | said; | εἶπεν· | said; | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | said; | ܓܒܪܐ | said; | εἶπεν | said; | |||||
ανθρωποσP45 · P75 | A man | ἄνθρωπός | A man | ανθρωπος | | | homo | Homo | A man | — | — | Ἄνθρωπός | A man | |||||
τισP45 · P75 | certain | τις | certain | τις | | | quidam | quidam | certain | ܚܕ | certain | τις | certain | |||||
κατεβαινενP45 · P75 | was going down | κατέβαινεν | was going down | — | | | descendebat | descendebat | was going down | ܢܚܬ | was going down | κατέβαινεν | was going down | |||||
αποP45 · P75 | from | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | ab | ab | from | ܗܘܐ | from | ἀπὸ | from | |||||
ιερουσαλημP45 · P75 | Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλὴμ | Jerusalem | ϊερουσαλημ | | | hierusalem | Jerusalem | Jerusalem | ܡܢ | Jerusalem | Ἱερουσαλὴμ | Jerusalem | |||||
εισP45 · P75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | in | in | to | ܐܘܪܫܠܡ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
ιερωιP45 · P75 | Jericho | Ἰεριχὼ | Jericho | ϊεριχω | | | iericho | Jericho | Jericho | ܠܐܝܪܝܚܘ | Jericho | Ἰεριχώ | Jericho | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܢܦܠܘ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
λησταισP45 · P75 | robbers | λῃσταῖς | robbers | λησταις | | | incidit | incidit | robbers | — | — | λῃσταῖς | robbers | |||||
περιεπεσενP45 · P75 | fell among | περιέπεσεν | fell among | — | | | in | in | fell among | ܥܠܘܗܝ | fell among | περιέπεσεν | fell among | |||||
οιP45 · P75 | who | οἳ | who | οι | | | latrones | — | — | — | — | οἳ | who | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | both | καὶ | both | και | | | ad | qui | both | ܘܫܠܚܘܗܝ | both | καὶ | both | |||||
εκδυσαντεσP45 · P75 | having stripped | ἐκδύσαντες | having stripped | εκδυσαντες | | | et | etiam | having stripped | ܘܡܚܐܘܗܝ | having stripped | ἐκδύσαντες | having stripped | |||||
αυτονP45 · P75 | him | αὐτὸν | him | — | | | — | despoliaverunt | him | ܘܫܒܩܘܗܝ | him | αὐτὸν | him | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | illi | eum | and | ܟܕ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
πληγασP45 · P75 | wounds | πληγὰς | wounds | πληγας | | | dispoliantes | et | wounds | ܩܠܝܠ | wounds | πληγὰς | wounds | |||||
επιθεντεσP45 · P75 | having inflicted | ἐπιθέντες | having inflicted | επειθεντες | | | plagas | plagis | having inflicted | — | — | ἐπιθέντες | having inflicted | |||||
απηλθονP45 · P75 | they went away | ἀπῆλθον | they went away | απηλθον | | | inponentes | impositis | they went away | ܩܝܡܐ | they went away | ἀπῆλθον | they went away | |||||
αφεντεσP45 · P75 | having left him | ἀφέντες | having left him | αφεντες | | | abierunt | abierunt | having left him | ܒܗ | having left him | ἀφέντες | having left him | |||||
ημιθανηP45 · P75 | half dead | ἡμιθανῆ | half dead | ημιθανη | | | semiuiuum | semivivo | half dead | ܢܦܫܐ | half dead | ἡμιθανῆ | half dead | |||||
τυγχάνοντα.P45 · P75 | state. | τυγχάνοντα. | state. | — | | | dimittentes | relicto | state. | ܘܐܙܠܘ | state. | τυγχάνοντα | state. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||