The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπανP66 · P75 | Said | εἶπον | Said | ειπον | | | dixerunt | Dixerunt | Said | ܐܡܪܝܢ | Said | Εἶπον | Said | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οιP66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | ubi | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
ιουδαιοιP66 · P75 | Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews | ϊουδαιοι | | | iudaei | Judæi | Jews | ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ | Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews | |||||
προσP66 · P75 | among | πρὸς | among | προς | | | — | ad | among | ܠܐܝܟܐ | among | πρὸς | among | |||||
εαυτουσP66 · P75 | themselves; | ἑαυτούς· | themselves; | εαυτους | | | se | semetipsos | themselves; | — | — | ἑαυτούς | themselves; | |||||
πουP66 · P75 | Where | ποῦ | Where | που | | | quoniam | Quo | Where | ܥܬܝܕ | Where | Ποῦ | Where | |||||
μελλειP66 · P75 | He | οὗτος | He | — | | | hic | hic | He | ܗܢܐ | He | οὗτος | He | |||||
ουτοσP66 · P75 | is about | μέλλει | is about | μελλει | | | incipiet | iturus | is about | ܠܡܐܙܠ | is about | μέλλει | is about | |||||
πορευεσθαιP66 · P75 | to go | πορεύεσθαι | to go | πορευεσθαι | | | ire | est | to go | ܕܚܢܢ | to go | πορεύεσθαι | to go | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | — | quia | that | ܠܐ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
ημεισP66 · P75 | we ourselves | ἡμεῖς | we ourselves | — | | | non | non | we ourselves | ܡܫܟܚܝܢ | we ourselves | ἡμεῖς | we ourselves | |||||
ουχP66 · P75 | not | οὐχ | not | ουχ | | | in | — | — | — | — | οὐχ | not | |||||
ευρησομενP66 · P75 | will find | εὑρήσομεν | will find | ευρησομεν | | | inueniemus | inveniemus | will find | ܚܢܢ | will find | εὑρήσομεν | will find | |||||
αυτονP66 · P75 | Him? | αὐτόν; | Him? | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him? | ܠܗ | Him? | αὐτόν | Him? | |||||
μηP66 · P75 | Surely | μὴ | Surely | — | | | numquid | numquid | Surely | ܠܡܐ | Surely | Μὴ | Surely | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | inter | in | to | ܟܝ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
διασπορανP66 · P75 | Dispersion | διασπορὰν | Dispersion | διασποραν | | | dispersionem | dispersionem | Dispersion | ܠܐܬܪܘܬܐ | Dispersion | διασπορὰν | Dispersion | |||||
τωνP66 · P75 | among the | τῶν | among the | των | | | grecorum | — | — | — | — | τῶν | among the | |||||
ελληνωνP66 · P75 | Greeks | Ἑλλήνων | Greeks | ελληνων | | | — | gentium | Greeks | ܕܥܡܡܐ | Greeks | Ἑλλήνων | Greeks | |||||
μελλειP66 · P75 | is He about | μέλλει | is He about | μελλει | | | incipiet | iturus | is He about | — | — | μέλλει | is He about | |||||
πορευεσθαιP66 · P75 | to go | πορεύεσθαι | to go | πορευεσθαι | | | ire | est | to go | ܥܬܝܕ | to go | πορεύεσθαι | to go | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܕܢܐܙܠ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
διδασκεινP66 · P75 | to teach | διδάσκειν | to teach | διδασκειν | | | docere | docturus | to teach | ܘܢܠܦ | to teach | διδάσκειν | to teach | |||||
τουσP66 · P75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
ελληνασP66 · P75 | Greeks? | Ἕλληνας; | Greeks? | ελληνας | | | grecos | gentes | Greeks? | ܠܚܢܦܐ | Greeks? | Ἕλληνας | Greeks? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||