The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | And | ܘܗܐ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
ιδεP66 · P75 | behold | ἴδε | behold | ϊδε | | | ecce | ecce | behold | ܓܠܝܐܝܬ | behold | ἴδε | behold | |||||
παρρησιαP66 · P75 | publicly | παρρησίᾳ | publicly | παρρησια | | | palam | palam | publicly | — | — | παρρησίᾳ | publicly | |||||
λαλειP66 · P75 | He speaks, | λαλεῖ, | He speaks, | λαλει | | | loquitur | loquitur | He speaks, | ܡܡܠܠ | He speaks, | λαλεῖ | He speaks, | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܡܕܡ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ουδενP66 · P75 | no thing | οὐδὲν | no thing | ουδεν | | | nihil | nihil | no thing | ܠܐ | no thing | οὐδὲν | no thing | |||||
αυτωP66 · P75 | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | illi | ei | to Him | — | — | αὐτῷ | to Him | |||||
λεγουσινP66 · P75 | they say. | λέγουσιν. | they say. | λεγουσιν | | | dicunt | dicunt | they say. | ܐܡܪܝܢ | they say. | λέγουσιν | they say. | |||||
μηποτεP66 · P75 | otherwise | μήποτε | otherwise | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܗ | otherwise | Μήποτε | otherwise | |||||
αληθωσP66 · P75 | Truly | ἀληθῶς | Truly | αληθως | | | numquid | Numquid | Truly | ܕܠܡܐ | Truly | ἀληθῶς | Truly | |||||
εγνωσανP66 · P75 | have recognized | ἔγνωσαν | have recognized | — | | | uere | vere | have recognized | — | — | ἔγνωσαν | have recognized | |||||
οιP66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
αρχοντεσP66 · P75 | rulers | ἄρχοντες | rulers | αρχοντες | | | cognouerunt | cognoverunt | rulers | ܝܕܥܘ | rulers | ἄρχοντες | rulers | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | principes | principes | that | ܩܫܝܫܝܢ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
ουτοσP66 · P75 | this | οὗτός | this | ουτος | | | — | quia | this | ܕܗܢܘ | this | οὗτός | this | |||||
εστινP66 · P75 | is | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | hic | hic | is | — | — | ἐστιν | is | |||||
οP66 · P75 | truly | ἀληθῶς | truly | — | | | est | est | truly | ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ | truly | ἀληθῶς | truly | |||||
χσP66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
χριστός;P66 · P75 | Christ? | χριστός; | Christ? | — | | | xps | Christus | Christ? | ܡܫܝܚܐ | Christ? | χριστός | Christ? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||